Panic Disorder is defined by which of the following?

• A. Persistent low mood and anhedonia
• B. Recurrent, unexpected panic attacks
• C. An obsession with contamination
• D. Chronic worry across multiple domains

Answer: (B)

Panic disorder centers on sudden, intense episodes of fear that come on quickly and without a clear trigger—these are panic attacks. The defining feature is that these attacks are recurrent and unexpected, meaning they can occur repeatedly and without warning. During an attack, physical symptoms like a racing heart, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, dizziness, and a fear of losing control or dying often occur. Because the attacks feel out of the blue, many people start worrying about having more attacks and may change their behavior to avoid places or situations they fear could provoke one. This pattern of recurrent, unexpected attacks plus the subsequent worry or avoidance is what distinguishes panic disorder from other anxiety conditions.

For context, persistent low mood and anhedonia point to depressive disorders; an obsession with contamination is typical of OCD; and chronic worry across multiple domains describes generalized anxiety disorder.